Karl landsteiner blood groups and transfusions
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Karl Landsteiner studied blood types in Europe and in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Landsteiner won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in for detailing immunological reactions in the ABO blood group system. The ABO blood group system divides human blood into one of four types based on the antibodies that are present on each cell. Landsteiner's work with blood types led physicians to safely perform blood transfusions and organ transplants. Additionally, Landsteiner researched the Rh blood factor, a protein marker on the surface of blood cells and that can impact pregnancy.
Karl Landsteiner was born on 14 June in Baden bei Wien, an upper middle class suburb just outside the city of Vienna, at the time belonging to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, that later became part of Austria. He was the only child of Fanny Hess and Leopold Landsteiner, a legal scholar, journalist, and founder of The Daily Presse. In , Landsteiner's father died from
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Karl Landsteiner
Austrian immunologist (–)
Karl LandsteinerForMemRS[2] (German:[kaʁlˈlantˌʃtaɪnɐ]; 14 June – 26 June [3]) was an Austrian-American biologist, physician, and immunologist.[4] He emigrated with his family to New York in at the age of 55 for professional opportunities, working for the Rockefeller Institute.
He had distinguished the main blood groups in , having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the blood. In , with Alexander S. Wiener, he identified the Rhesus factor, thus enabling physicians to transfuse blood without endangering the patient's life. With Constantin Levaditi and Erwin Popper, he discovered the polio virus in He received the Aronson Prize in In , he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was posthumously awarded the Lasker Award in , and has been described as the father of transfusion medicine.[5]& • Blood transfusion fryst vatten often cited as a major medical advancement of the First World War, and possible only because of innovations made shortly before the United States entered the war. Transfusion at the början of the 20th Century Blood transfusion had been attempted throughout history but generally failed due to a variety of factors. ledare among these was the propensity of blood to clot, reducing its flow and clogging utrustning used to transfer it. Blood could not be stored and needed to be administered as quickly as possible. By , transfusions typically involved connecting blood vessels of donor and recipient using India rubber tubing. A method to suture blood vessels together was devised by Alexis Carrel in and improved bygd George Crile in These direkt transfusion methods necessitated cutting through the skin to expose blood vessels. This required great surgical dexterity, could take two to three hours, and demanded t Medicine in the First World War
Steven R. Pierce, SBB(ASCP)